| August 31, 1921 Marcus Garvey, leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, often referred to as the Back-to-Africa movement in the U.S., was declared “Provisional President of Africa” in a Harlem (New York City) ceremony.  Black nationalist Marcus Garvey is shown in a military uniform as the ‘Provisional President of Africa’ during a parades up Lenox Avenue in Harlem, New York City, in August 1922, during the opening day exercises of the annual Convention of the Negro Peoples of the World. Hear one of his speeches recorded that summer |
August 31, 1965 Draft card burning, 1967 U.S. President Lyndon Johnson signed into law a bill criminalizing destruction of draft cards. Although it could result in a five-year prison sentence and $1000 fine, the burnings became common during anti-Vietnam War rallies and often attracted the attention of news media. |
August 31, 1974 In federal court, John Lennon of The Beatles testified the Nixon Administration had tried to have him deported because of his involvement with anti-war demonstrations at the 1972 Republican convention in Miami. The U.S. v John Lennon trailer |
| August 31, 1994 The Irish Republican Army (IRA) declared a permanent and “complete cessation of military operations” after 25 years of bombing and 3000 deaths (both republican and unionist) intended to end British control of Northern Ireland.  |
https://www.peacebuttons.info/E-News/peacehistoryaugust.htm#august31
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