I Just Really Like This Apropos To Nothing Current-Event Related; I Would Really Like It Anyway-

Peace & Justice History for 2/18

February 18, 1688
Francis Daniel Pastorius and three other Pennsylvania Quakers (members of the Society of Friends) made the first formal protest against slavery in the new world. At the Thones Kunders House in Germantown (now part of Philadelphia) they signed a proclamation denouncing the importation, sale, and ownership of slaves: “. . . we shall doe [sic] to all men like as we will be done ourselves; making no difference of what generation, descent or colour they are.”
More on Germantown Society of Friends 
February 18, 1961

above: Bertrand Russell and Edith Russell watching the actress Vanessa Redgrave address the Committee of 100 meeting in Trafalgar Square, which preceded the anti-Polaris “sit-in” outside the Ministry of Defence on February 18, 1961.
In London, Sir Bertrand Russell, 88, led a march of 20,000 and sit-down of 5,000 in an anti-nuke rally outside the U.K. Defense Ministry, and was jailed for seven days. It was the first public demonstration organized by the Committee of 100, the direct action wing of the Committee for Nuclear Disarmament.

Early CND demonstrator
The CND today
February 18, 1970
Five of the “Chicago Seven” (Rennie Davis, David Dellinger, Tom Hayden, Abbie Hoffman, and Jerry Rubin) were found guilty of crossing state lines to incite a riot during the 1968 Democratic convention.

The Chicago Seven
John Froines and Lee Weiner had both been charged with making incendiary devices (stink bombs) but were found not guilty of all charges. None of the seven were found guilty of conspiracy. Attorneys William Kunstler and Leonard Weinglass and defendants Weiner and Dellinger were sentenced for contempt of court, except for Weiner for more than a year. All appealed.
More on the group Summary of the legal issues 

https://www.peacebuttons.info/E-News/peacehistoryfebruary.htm#february18

Off Topic, A Piece from Nancy Beiman

She was there, too. by Nancy Beiman

NPR interviewed me in 2014. Read on Substack

The number A113 appears in [yesterday]’s FurBabies strip. It’s the number of our classroom at Cal Arts. Click on the link to see the entire comic.

https://www.gocomics.com/furbabies/2025/02/16

NPR interviewed me for an hour in 2014 after a Vanity Fair article appeared about the program. Here it is.

Leslie Margolin, the other girl in the first class, was not interviewed. A group photo was taken of other graduates for Vanity Fair. I am not in it. Tim Burton was Photoshopped in, but no one would do that for me even though I offered to go to New York for the photo shoot.

The so called Cal Arts Mafia only worked for the male students.

Thanks for reading FurBabies (formerly Animation Anarchy)! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.

Extra Credit from Chop Wood, Carry Water

I’ve been staying really busy with writing and calls to my own and other pertinent legislators, and then encouraging and thanking elected Dems (who I’m not fortunate to have for my own district) for doing what they’re able to do in a difficult environment with a minority of seats and little support from we the people. That, some more work on the house, and working with Ollie is really cutting into my time; taking care of those things is a priority for me, and may result in my cutting back on posts and interaction here. I’ll still be around, doing the daily, and checking in to at least like comments when there are some, as long as Scottie wants me to. Meanwhile, here’s a little light duty from Jessica Craven:

Chop Wood, Carry Water 2/17 by Jessica Craven
Read on Substack

(snip-you can see it all at the link)

Extra Credit ✅

[H/T 

Alan Unell Ph.D.]

There are 179 lawyers in the 119th Congress. Here is a list of all of them. Many of them are Republicans. Those Republicans support the lawless behavior of the Trump administration closing federal agencies authorized by Congress, illegally firing Inspectors generals and staff at the department of justice.

Lawyers are not supposed to take part in criminal behavior or to support the furtherance of a crime, which is what they are doing.

Here is an action you can take. If you have a Republican member of Congress or senator you can look them up at the above link and see if they are attorneys.

Then you can email/call your state Bar association and demand that they be investigated for complicity in the furtherance of a crime by actively supporting Trump in his illegal dismantling of federal agencies and firing of federal workers. Here is the contact info for all the state bar associations.

Here is a sample text for you to use.

My name is _________________- and I live in (state). I am shocked to see that Representative or Senator __________________, who is a licensed member of the bar in our state, actively supports the illegal dismantling of federal agencies, which only Congress can do. I am shocked to see that they support the illegal firing of federal workers including inspectors general and staff at the Department of Justice without cause. That is complicity in an ongoing crime and I want you to investigate their illegal behavior and suspend them from the bar.

Thank you.

Name, City

Get Smart! 📚

CAP Action has put together a great resource—a Google doc for each state with data on who and what will suffer from cuts if Republicans pass their tax plan. Click here to find your state! (There might be a couple of states missing but they intend to have them all up soon.)


OK, you did it again! You’re helping to save democracy! You’re amazing.

Hope to see some of you in SF tomorrow. The rest of you will get a regular newsletter then. Thanks!

Jess

Here’s Where I Got The Activism One-

From Mock Paper Scissors,

but I’m on Substack, too, and here it is in full:

Thirty lonely but beautiful actions you can take right now which probably won’t magically catalyze a mass movement against Trump but that are still wildly important by Garrett Bucks

Why? Because others will see you do them, and it will make it easier for them to take their own (slightly less lonely but equally beautiful) action by your side Read on Substack

A preface: I wrote this for people who, like me, have spent much of the past few weeks hoping that somebody else would do something bolder in this political movement. We are downtrodden because we’re full of rage and heartbreak, but the polls tell us that our neighbors don’t share those feelings. We realize we’re seeing something that so many aren’t, but we’re not sure how to bridge the gap. We have wished (appropriately) for bravery from our media, from elected Democrats, from public officials in general. However fair those wishes are, they come with a risk: that we miss the opportunity to be the lonely voice for justice in our own community, the person who makes it a little easier for a second and third and fourth lonely voice to start perking up by our side.

I don’t pretend that all it takes for a social movement to succeed is a bunch of individuals throwing the activist equivalent of spaghetti at so many isolated walls. Nothing I offer here will be enough. And yet, so many of us are waiting for something we can join, which presents a true opportunity to be the first person in your circle welcoming fellow travelers into halting, shaky, earnest action.

Finally, I’m certain that not all of these ideas are applicable to your situation. You’re tired. You’re busy. You’re sick. You don’t have a robust social network. You have anxiety about putting yourself out there. Those are all real. And also, my hope isn’t that every one of these is for you, but that a few might be. And if none fit the bill, what an opportunity: I’d love to hear your idea for what you and others could do.

Enough scene-setting. Here are some ideas. In list form, but there’s a narrative if you’re looking for it. They’re all offered with love:

  1. The next time you read an article about how USAID or the Consumer Finance Protection Bureau or the Department of Education is being attacked, remember that no matter how impactful the agency, movements don’t coalesce around acronyms– they are always about empathy for each other. Take a few minutes to research a specific program administered by those agencies that help people, and ring the alarm for everybody you know. Stop saying “Trump and Musk are the worst” and practice saying things like “Trump and Musk are sentencing millions of AIDS patients to death” or “Trump and Musk want credit card companies to rip us off” or “Trump and Musk just cut mental health and math tutoring resources for your kids’ school.”
  2. When friends or colleagues or grocery clerks ask you how you’re doing, don’t say, “fine.” Instead, answer with “I’m so mad because dialysis patients aren’t getting treatment and Head Start programs have to close because Trump cut off their funding and he’s lying about it.” It is clunky and silly, yes, but if you are in fact angry, it is also entirely honest. You weren’t really “fine” anyway.
  3. Learn to wheatpaste. Print out signs. Make the messages big. “Trump and Musk hate children” or “Trump and Musk are screwing over working people” or “Trump and Musk want sick people to die” Add a QR code and link to articles that reinforce the sentiment. Add a second code that will help passersby take action, or perhaps even offer a date and time for a community meeting that you’re hosting. Hang up the signs across your region— rural areas, cities and suburbs. Go to a small town’s Main Street and put signs on every corner: “Trump and Musk are killing small businesses.” It’s true, by the way, and small businesses should know about it.
  4. Print out little stickers. Write a message on them. Put them up on poles, in restrooms, at gas stations. Make them pithy, but focus on the person you might imagine reading it. Don’t lead with “Trump and Musk are fascists” however true that might be. The people for whom that message is appealing are already with us. Instead, say “Trump and Musk don’t care about you.”
  5. Buy some chalk. Put it in your bag. Find a good spot and write in big bold letters “Trump and Musk look out for billionaires. Who is looking out for you?”
  6. Go to a Federal Building. Go to a Tesla dealership. Stand on a highway overpass. Hold a lonely cardboard sign for an hour. Take a picture. Send it to everybody you know. Post it on social media. Yes, in a try-hard, show-offy, circa-2020 way. You’re not doing it for do-gooder credibility this time around (more on that in a bit). You want others to know that somebody is out there, that you too can be out there. Tell your friends that it felt inconsequential and awkward but that you’ll be back there next week, at the same time, and that you’d love it if they could join you.
  7. The bigger protests are likely coming for your region, I promise. In the meantime, if you have the flexibility, find a way to D.C. Be like the woman from Alabama profiled in this lovely, bittersweet essay. Do you know how many protests are happening in Washington right now? So many. Show up at them. Meet the other people going to the protests (it’s still a tinier crowd than it should be). Meet the people organizing the protests. Ask how you can help.
  8. Show up for and support other people’s efforts, even when you’re skeptical about them (I bet that you’re skeptical about many of the items on this list! I am too! But we should do some of them regardless!). Here’s another example: There’s currently a social-media driven call for a general strike. I’m nervous that it’s not the best approach, because I believe that successful general strikes require more coordination with labor movements and less with online influencers, but I could be wrong. And even if I’m right, the general strike proclaimers are trying! So I’m going to sign their strike card, and spread the word about what they’re doing. Because I don’t care about being right in this moment. I just want more people giving a damn and trying.
  9. Call up the organization closest to you that supports your queer and trans neighbors, your undocumented neighbors, your homeless neighbors, your neighbors seeking abortions. Thank them for their work. Ask what they need right now.
  10. If the organization needs volunteers, ask a friend to go with you to volunteer.
  11. If the organization needs money, text five friends and say “I’m donating to _____ org and I’d like you to do so as well.” Think about something that brings you joy— baking or making music or writing strident essays on the Internet or dancing. Ask yourself, “could that be a fundraiser?”
  12. Make cookies and deliver them to your neighbors. Ask if they’d be up to come to your house for coffee or a happy hour. Have the topic be, “Who in your life are you most worried about right now? What support do they need?” As neighbors, brainstorm what you all can do to care for everybody whose name came up around the circle.
  13. Put up a little table outside of a grocery store with a sign that says ,“Have your grocery bills come down? Why not?” When people come to talk to you, give them instructions on how to call their Congresspeople right now. Listen to the voice in your head that says “nobody does that,” and then remember that actually conservatives have long done exactly that, and it’s been a big reason why they won some of their largest victories. You may be asked to leave. Do so politely. Go to another store.
  14. Throw the best damn party you can imagine. Make it the party you’d like to attend. Do you like to bowl? Listen to death metal? Knit and sip tea? Dance through the night? Have a few beers at a kid friendly brewery while your offspring run about the place? Then let the party be about the thing, the thing you love. Put the word out so that people who also love that thing find about it. Get to know them. Tell them that the only cost of admission is you want ten minutes to speak about the actions they can take against Trump right now.
  15. Speaking of Congress, yes keep calling them. Be nice to their staff, but don’t give a lick that Congressional Democrats are annoyed that constituents are lighting up their lines. If you are represented by a Republican, pick a specific policy that is hurting people in your district and tell them you disagree with their stance on the issue. If you are represented by a Democrat, tell them (politely, for the person who is answering the phone is overworked and underpaid) that they can shut down the government. The current funding deal is set to expire on March 14th. Tell them that they can hold sit-ins, or filibuster on the floor, or run non-stop press conferences with constituents whose services are already at risk. Pick a request and keep asking. Use this template. It’s good.
  16. Text a few friends. Ask them, “Can we hold each other accountable to keep calling our reps? I keep forgetting to do it every day.” Make a text chain. Be kind to each other. Laugh a bunch. Celebrate the hell out each day’s Sisyphean-feeling calls. Ask how everybody’s doing, every single day.
  17. A few days later, go back to the text chain. Ask, “has there been any movement from those elected officials we’ve been texting? Should we escalate? Should we consider sitting in at their local office? What would we need to know to do so?” Start planning.
  18. Reach out to friends with care-giving responsibilities: for kids, for grand-kids, for elders. Ask them, “Hey, if a few of us were to watch your kids or run groceries to your dad tomorrow afternoon, what political action could you take? Would you spend some time researching what’s happening? Would you volunteer? Would you call? Would you hold your lonely sign?” Or alternately, if you’re somebody with care-giving responsibilities, take the risk of asking somebody— perhaps somebody who is a loose connection but that you want to get to know better— for help.
  19. Subscribe to a newsletter that will keep the action alerts and the instructions about “what you can do” coming long after you forget about this list. Ignore, for the moment, whether you’re further to the left or further to the center than the list compiler. What matters is that there is always something to do, and blessed people have made it their life’s work to help make it easier for you. Every once in a while, send the action alert compilers a note. Tell them thank you. Ask if they need any help.
  20. Recognize that so many of the boycotts whirling around the internet are probably too diffused and unorganized to truly bend the arc of history, but that they do matter, both for keeping the pressure on these cowardly profit-seeking, fascist-knee bending corporations, but also for the way they build intentionality and focus into our lives. Pick a company that’s been hard for you to boycott but that you’ve been tempted to quit– Target perhaps, or Meta, or Amazon. Start listing all the reasons why it’s hard. Text a friend “hey, I’d like to quit _____ but I can’t. Can you help me brainstorm how to make that change?”
  21. Research mutual aid efforts in your area. If there isn’t one near you, research how to start one. Start showing up for their meal drop offs or their trash pick-ups or whatever it is that they’re doing. Discover that it’s simpler and more fun than you imagined. When people ask you how you’re doing, say “I’m trying a new thing– I’m getting involved with ______ mutual aid, have you heard of it?”
  22. If you’re a parent, send a letter to your kids school. Tell them thanks, and then ask how you can support them.
  23. Regardless of whether you’re a parent, go to a school board meeting. During public comment, reiterate how much you value:
    1. The district remaining a safe and welcoming place for queer and trans students.
    2. The school district not cooperating with ICE.
    3. The school continuing to teach accurate representations of U.S. history, multiculturalism and respect for all students’ backgrounds.
  24. When you wonder “what right do I have to go to a school board if my topic isn’t on the agenda” remember those Moms For Liberty who caused all of that school board chaos a few summers ago… what right did they have to do so? And yet, there they were, creating a political moment out of nothing. You’re showing up for something real, something that matters. Your school board deserves to hear from you.
  25. Remember that fascists hate unions, and one of the reasons why they’re winning is that union density is at an all time low. If your workplace has a union, throw yourself into it. If your workplace doesn’t, there are a whole bunch of people who would like to help you start one. If you don’t have a traditional workplace (like me), you might be surprised that there are unions for us as well. Join. Agitate. Know that we won’t turn the tide if we can’t get union density back in the double digits.
  26. If you know and love a federal worker, particularly in a targeted agency, do something kind for them. If you’re a federal worker, particularly in a targeted agency, tell us what you need and how you’re doing.
  27. Ask yourself how much of your political engagement is confined to spaces where everybody else is already aware of and angry about the same things that you are. Ask yourself, gently, “Should I just complain to the same friends?” “Do I need to spend all this time on Bluesky?” “Why am I only reading authors who tell me how bad everything is but not what we can do in response?” Instead, consider spending more time with folks who are highlighting everything that’s already being built and reminding us of how much power we actually have. I’m not saying that your time should be spent debating and getting in screaming matches with the most MAGA-loving person in your vicinity. Remember that most of your neighbors aren’t paying attention one way or another. This moment is about spreading the word: people are being hurt, and we should stand in opposition.
  28. Again, whatever you do: broadcast it. It doesn’t have to be on social media, but that’s fine, too. Is that performative? Absolutely, but you’re not doing it for yourself. You’re doing it to model it for somebody else. Do you know why human beings attend artistic performances? To understand ourselves better through somebody else “performing” humanity in front of us. First comes the performance, then comes the repetition, then comes the integration into all of our lives.
  29. Look back at this list. Think about the idea that you rolled your eyes at the hardest, the one that seemed least applicable or most scary to you. Look at it again. Ask yourself not “why can’t I do that?” but “what support would I need to do it?” Ask who in your life might be able to provide that support. Reach out to that person and say, “I have a crazy idea, but I need your help.”
  30. If you don’t have anybody to reach out to, reach out to me. Really. I’m just a stranger on the Internet. I’m busy too. I’m balancing multiple day jobs and a couple kids (it’s a snow day today!) and piles of laundry that never disappear. I may take a while to get back to you. But I will. I won’t have all the perfect answers, but I’ll listen to you. My role, if you need it, isn’t necessarily to solve your problems. It’s to help you practice reaching out to others for support.
Both images from Pittsburgh Graffiti, a lovely account on a less than lovely website (Instagram)
  1. One more thing you can do: Attend a training about how you can build and sustain activist communities. As luck would have it, I’m hosting those trainings and they’ve been so much fun. I call it the Barnraisers Project. There are five more coming up: free and virtual and (I am assured) a very good time. More info here and registration here.
  2. If you appreciated this list (or the trainings, or my other essays) the biggest way you can help out is by sharing, spreading the word and subscribing (especially a paid subscription). This is my day job, and I’m doing my best to build a useful space for big-hearted but weary dreamers in this moment. Thanks for considering.

Peace & Justice History for 2/17

February 17, 1958
The first meeting of Britain’s Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) was held. CND developed the peace symbol which became its logo.

CND history 
February 17, 1975
Several hundred residents of Wyhl, Germany, occupied the site of a nuclear power plant with the intent of halting construction. The contractor had begun building despite a court order to suspend doing so. Police responded to the protesters with dogs, water cannon, and arrests.
By the following week, however, over 25,000 had joined the occupation, and police withdrew for eight months.
This is believed to have been the first such nuclear plant site takeover in the world. The occupation was nonviolent, and a sort of village sprang up with a “Friendship House” and a “popular university.” Local farmers supported the occupiers with food.

Stand-off between anti-nuclear activists and police at Wyhl, Germany
Following the negotiated withdrawal of the occupiers, a panel of judges permanently banned construction of the plant, and the land is now a nature preserve.

https://www.peacebuttons.info/E-News/peacehistoryfebruary.htm#february17

Peace & Justice History for 2/16

February 16, 1936
A coalition known as the Popular Front (Frente Popular), comprised of socialists, communists, republicans, and labor groups, narrowly won a majority in the Cortes, Spain’s parliament, defeating the National Front.
February 16, 1959
Fidel Castro was sworn in as Cuba’s youngest prime minister after leading a years-long guerrilla campaign that forced right-wing dictator Fulgencio Batista into exile.

Fidel Castro
Castro, who had become commander-in-chief of Cuba’s armed forces after Batista was ousted on January 1, replaced the more moderate Jose Miro Cardona as head of the country’s new provisional government.

Fulgencio Batista
More background on Fidel
As reported at the time, including a filmed interview with Castro in English
February 16, 1982
Citizens’ Action for Safe Energy (CASE) succeeded in stopping construction of Black Fox Nuclear Power Plant near Inola, Oklahoma. Public Service of Oklahoma announced the cancellation, the first of its kind solely due to citizen protest.

CASE’s founder, Carrie Barefoot Dickerson, known as Aunt Carrie, and her husband, Robert, spent nearly a decade and all their financial assets organizing folks around Tulsa and the state. The Dickersons’ principal concern was the potential damage to health near the plant, and elsewhere through uranium mining and processing.
Aunt Carrie, her allies and their success 
watch video  (2011)
February 16, 1996 
Seven activists were arrested for blocking the road to the ceremony commissioning the nuclear submarine U.S.S. Greeneville at the Norfolk (Virginia) Naval Base.
February 16, 1996
The Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN), representing Mexico’s southern indigenous peoples, and the Mexican federal government signed the San Andrés Accords.
Begun in 1994 in Chiapas state, the EZLN had pushed the government for:
• Basic respect for the diversity of the indigenous population of Chiapas;
• The conservation of the the natural resources within the territories used and occupied by indigenous peoples;

Subcommandate Marcos, leader of the Zapatistas, and two of his officers
• A greater participation of indigenous communities in the decisions and control of public expenditures;
• The participation of indigenous communities in determining their own development plans, as well as having control over their own administrative and judicial affairs;
• The autonomy of indigenous communities and their right of free determination in the framework of the State.
February 16, 2005 
The Kyoto Protocol went into effect after countries responsible for 55% of the world’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions had ratified the treaty, following Russia’s agreement to its terms. The agreement’s purpose was to reduce such gases to 12% below their levels in 1990 by 2012 and, thus, slow global warming.  
180 countries had agreed (except for the United States and Australia, two of the world’s top emitters of GHG per capita) to rules for implementing the Kyoto Protocol on July 29, 2001, in Bonn, Germany. President George W. Bush withdrew the U.S. from the process shortly after he took office that same year. His reasoning was that, since India and China had not signed on, they would gain a competitive advantage. The U.S. is now responsible for 15.6% of the earth’s GHG (with 5% of its population).
History, background on the Kyoto Protocol

https://www.peacebuttons.info/E-News/peacehistoryfebruary.htm#february16

Two For Science On Sunday

Fully recyclable solar cells – just add water

February 14, 2025 Richard Musgrove

Swedish researchers have invented a fully-recyclable perovskite solar cell that may provide a solution to the growing problem of solar panel waste.

 All renewable technologies have a life span — with solar panels it’s 25 to 30 years — which means our solar waste pile is rapidly becoming mountainous. Just 17 % of solar panel components were recycled in Australia in 2023, specifically the aluminium frames and junction boxes. The remaining 83% (glass, silicon and polymer back sheeting) was shuttled out to landfill. Other countries do better; France’s ROSI was an early starter in what could be a $2b market by 2050.

Linköping University researchersmay have a solution — fully recyclable perovskite solar cells.

These cells are also flexible, transparent and inexpensive — who needs aluminium frames when your PVs are stuck to your windows?

Low res
Professor Feng Gao with postdocs Xun Xiao and Niansheng Xu at Linköping University (Image Thor Balkhed)

“There is currently no efficient technology to deal with the waste of silicon panels. That’s why old solar panels end up in the landfill,” says coauthor, Xun Xiao, at the Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM) at Linköping University (LiU).

“Huge mountains of electronic waste that you can’t do anything with.”

Perovskites used in photovoltaic solar cells are ‘metal-halide perovskites’ — made from organic ions, metals and halogens.  Such cells’ active layers are much thinner and cheaper than those of conventional silicon PV and show efficiencies of more than 26%, comparable with silicon PVs (20% – 22%).

But perovskite PVs are not yet produced at scale.   

Recyclability is the key.

“We need to take recycling into consideration when developing emerging solar cell technologies,” says Professor Feng Gao, also at IFM at LiU and a co-author. “If we don’t know how to recycle them, maybe we shouldn’t put them on the market at all.” 

(Snip-MORE, and they can recycle them!)

Pressing pause: how a unique insect survives Antarctica

February 14, 2025 Ariel Marcy

The inhospitable Antarctic Peninsula hosts only one native insect, and scientists from Japan have just identified an unprecedented combination of adaptations that allow it to thrive in the extreme cold.

The Antarctic midge is a tiny, flightless insect that lives most of its two-year life as a larva, the grub-like stage that follows the egg stage. (Complete metamorphosis in insects includes egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages).

Two insects, adult flightless antarctic midges on ice.
Adult Antarctic midges. Credit: Yuta Shimizu / Osaka Metropolitan University.

How these larvae overwinter in Antarctica could have implications for cryopreservation technology but, perhaps more pressingly, better understanding of the species’ response to climate change. Previous researchers have suggested that the Antarctic midge be developed as a model organism for survival in extreme and fluctuating temperatures.

The Japanese research team led by Shin Goto of Osaka Metropolitan University studied the unique midge after developing a specialised rearing method, which took them six years to establish.  

The team then tracked the growth and physiology of the midge larvae through their natural lifecycle. In a first for science, they documented two distinct forms of dormancy used as seasonal survival adaptations.

In general, dormancy is a state of inactivity, suspended development and reduced metabolism, but insect scientists distinguish between two types: quiescence and diapause.

In the first winter, the Antarctic midge larvae adapted via quiescence, a form of dormancy triggered by external conditions, such as cold temperatures. This means all the midge larvae go dormant at the same time. Quiescence ends when the temperature rises.

(Snip-MORE; it’s fascinating and worth the click. Also not long.)

More Black History

(However, it’s not well-known, it’s chilling, and it could be upsetting, so take only what you can take. It’s like Rosewood+Greenwood, plus yet more. -A)

You Heard of the Tulsa Massacre, But I Bet Nobody Told You About Red Summer of 1919.

From May of that year to December, over 25 race massacres took place on American soil.

By Lawrence Ware Published Monday 12:02AM

Image for article titled You Heard of the Tulsa Massacre, But I Bet Nobody Told You About Red Summer of 1919.
Photo: Unidentified Photographer, June 1921 (Getty Images)

Most Black Americans have never heard of the Red Summer of 1919…but it is an element of Black history that we need to pay attention to. This country specializes in committing monstrous atrocities and then ignoring the consequences of their actions. It happened with Native Americans and the Trail of Tears. And, of course, it happened with Black folks. This truth is best captured when we consider what happened in the year 1919.

When Austrian Archduke Franz was assassinated on 28 June 1914, it set off a chain of events that led to what we now call World War 1. Working age white men were drafted and sent to fight, so that left many job vacancies in northern cities that Black men were happy to fill. See, Black folks were feeing the racist South hoping to find less racism in northern cites. The population of Black Chicagoans increased by more than 100% while the number of Black folks in Philadelphia grew by 500%.

While that was happening, 367,000 Black Americans either enlisted or were drafted into service to fight in the war that had just popped off. Black men were eager to prove to white America that Black people deserved dignity. They hoped they would see that by fighting in what white folks were calling ‘The Great War.’ But once the war ended, Black soldiers returned to an ungrateful nation. Thinking about these men, W.E.B. Du Bois wrote on May of 1919 in the NAACP’s Crisis newsletter, “We return. We return from fighting. We return fighting.”

Du Bois had no idea how prophetic his words would be. From May of that year to December, over 25 race massacres took place on American soil. More than 250 Black men, women and children’s lives were violently cut short. Black folks discovered that the racial violence they thought they escaped when they left places like Alabama and Mississippi was not a feature of Southern living. Instead, it was part of being Black in America.

Those white soldiers who came home and discovered that scores of Black people had moved to the north. They also found Black soldiers who felt that they had earned their place in American life by serving their country. An official put it like this: “one of the principle elements causing concern is the returned negro soldier who is not readily fitting back into his prior status of pre-war times.” Therefore, white soldiers became white terrorists to put these soldiers and anyone who looked like them back in their place. There were race massacres in Washington D.C., Omaha, Knoxville, and a massive race riot in Chicago where 38 people were killed and 537 injured. Few white people were arrested for these crimes, fewer were prosecuted. Two years later was the Tulsa race riot where the Greenwood district, what we now call Black Wallstreet, was burned to the ground.

As we celebrate Black History Month, we need to tell the entire truth of our history. Not just the accomplishments of men and women who embody Black excellence, but also the way that America has wronged us. The Red Summer of 1919 is one of those stories that we would like to forget. Yet don’t our accomplishments shine even more brightly considering the darkness we had to endure? No doubt we have endured days when hope unborn had died. But, somehow, against all odds, we came to the place for which our fathers sighed.