Former President Donald Trump delivered more than 30 false claims during TuesdayβsΒ presidential debateΒ against Vice President Kamala Harris, CNNβs preliminary count found β asΒ he did during his June debateΒ against President Joe Biden.
Trump again delivered a staggering quantity and variety of false claims, some of which were egregious lies about topics including abortion, immigration and the economy.
Harris was far more accurate than Trump; CNNβs preliminary count found just one false claim from the vice president, though she also added some claims that were misleading or lacking in key context.
Here is a fact check of some of the remarks made by each candidate.
Former Vice President Kamala Harris said during Tuesday nightβs debate that former President Donald Trumpβs policies would result in a βTrump sales taxβ that would raise prices for middle class families by about $4,000 a year.
Facts First:Β The claim is reasonable enough, but itβs worth explaining that Harris is referring to Trumpβs proposal to implement new tariffs if he returns to the White House.
Trump has called for adding a tariff of 10% to 20% on all imports from all countries, as well as another tariff upward of 60% on all Chinese imports.
Together, a 20% across-the-board tariff with a 60% tariff on Chinese-made goods would amount to about a $3,900 annual tax increase for a middle-income family, according to theΒ Center for American Progress Action FundΒ a liberal think tank.
If the 20% tariff was just 10%, as Trump sometimes suggests, the total impact for middle-class families could be $2,500 a year, according to CAP.
Separate studies estimate that the impact of Trumpβs proposed tariffs would also raise prices for families, but by a lower amount. The Peterson Institute for International Economics estimated the new duties would cost the average middle-class householdΒ about $1,700 annually. And the Tax Policy Center said the impact could beΒ $1,350 a yearΒ for middle-income households.
From CNNβs Katie LoboscoΒ
Watch Harris react to Trump saying he was going to send her a MAGA hat
Former President Donald Trump claimedΒ in Tuesdayβs debate with Vice President Kamala Harris that there was virtually no inflation during his administration.
βI had no inflation, virtually no inflation,β Trump said.
Facts First:Β This is false. Cumulative inflation over the course of Trumpβs presidency was about 7.8%.
Inflation was low at the end of Trumpβs term, having plummeted during the Covid-19 pandemic. The year-over-year inflation rateΒ was about 1.4%Β in January 2021, the month Trump left office.
From CNNβs Daniel Dale and Tami LuhbyΒ
Trump claims migrants are arriving to US from prisons and mental institutions
Former President Donald Trump on Tuesday repeated a claim that migrants are arriving to the US after fleeing prisons and mental institutions.
βWe have millions of people pouring into our country from prisons and jails, from mental institutions and insane asylums,β Trump claimed.
Trump makes this claim often, and heβs often alleged that jails and mental institutions are being emptied out deliberately to somehow dump people upon the US.
Facts First:Β There is no evidence for Trumpβs claim.
Representatives for two anti-immigration organizations told CNN last year they had not heard of anything that would corroborate Trumpβs story, as did three experts at organizations favorable toward immigration. CNNβs own search did not produce any evidence. The website FactCheck.orgΒ also found nothing.
Trump has sometimes tried to support his claim by making another claim that the global prison population is down. But thatβs wrong, too. The recorded global prison population increased from October 2021 to April 2024, from aboutΒ 10.77 million peopleΒ to aboutΒ 10.99 million people, according to the World Prison Population List compiled by experts in the United Kingdom.
In response to CNNβs 2023 inquiry, Trump campaign spokesman Steven Cheung cited one source for Trumpβs claim about prisons being emptied for migration purposes β a 2022Β articleΒ from right-wing website Breitbart News about a supposed federal intelligence report warning Border Patrol agents that Venezuela had done this. But thatΒ vague and unverifiedΒ claim about Venezuelaβs actions has never been corroborated.
And aΒ second articleΒ that Cheung cited at the time, about Mexicoβs president having freed 2,685 prisoners, was not about migration at all; that article simply explained that the president had freed them βas part of an effort to free those who have not committed serious crimes or were being held unjustly.β
From CNNβs Daniel Dale and Kaanita Iyer
Former President Donald Trump claimed during Tuesday nightβs debate that β21 million peopleβΒ are crossing the border monthly into the United States under President Joe Biden.
Facts First:Β This number is false. The total number of βencountersβ at the northern and southern borders from February 2021 through July 2024, at both legal ports of entry and in between those ports, was roughly 10 million, far less than Trumpβs β21 millionβ figure.Β
An βencounterβ does not mean a person was let into the country; some people encountered are promptly sent away. Even if you added the estimated number of βgotawaysβ (people who evaded the Border Patrol to enter illegally), which House Republicans have said is more than 1.7 million during the Biden-Harris administration, βthe totals would still be vastly smaller than 15, 16 or 18 million,β said Michelle Mittelstadt, spokesperson for the Migration Policy Institute think tank, said in an email in June, when Trump made similar claims.
From CNNβs Daniel Dale and Piper Hudspeth Blackburn
In pictures: Harris and Trump face off in presidential debate
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Vice President Kamala Harris said during Tuesday nightβs debate that the US Supreme Court ruled earlier this year that Trump would βessentially beΒ immuneΒ from any misconductβ undertaken by him while in the White House.
βLetβs talk aboutΒ extreme and understand theΒ context in which this electionΒ in 2024 is taking place. TheΒ United States Supreme CourtΒ recently ruled that the formerΒ president would essentially beΒ immuneΒ from any misconduct ifΒ he were to enter the WhiteΒ House again,β she said.
Facts First:Β This needs context. In their decision in July in the historic case, the six conservative justices granted Trump some presidential immunity from criminal prosecution, but not blanket immunity, as the former president had sought in his federal election subversion case. The court said Trump could not be criminally pursued over βofficial acts,β but that he could face prosecution over alleged criminal actions involving βunofficial actsβ taken while in office.Β
βThe President enjoys no immunity for his unofficial acts, and not everything the President does is official. The President is not above the law,β Chief Justice John Roberts wrote for the conservative majority.
From CNNβs Devan Cole
Former President Donald Trump repeated a false claim at Tuesdayβs debate that has beenΒ promotedΒ by numerous prominent Republicans in the past week, including Republican vice presidential candidate Sen. JD Vance. Trump claimed that Haitian migrants in the city of Springfield, Ohio, are stealing peopleβs pet dogs and cats and eating them.
βIn Springfield, theyβre eating the dogs. The people that came in, theyβre eating the cats,β Trump said. βTheyβre eating the pets of the people that live there.β
Facts First:Β This is false. TheΒ City of SpringfieldΒ and theΒ local policeΒ have said they have seen no evidence for the claim β which appeared to originate from a Facebook post in which someone purporting to be a local resident passed along what they said was a story about their neighborβs daughterβs friend.
In a statement to CNN on Monday, a spokesperson for the City of SpringfieldΒ saidΒ βthere have been no credible reports or specific claims of pets being harmed, injured or abused by individuals within the immigrant community.β
The Springfield News-SunΒ reportedΒ that βthe Springfield Police Division said Monday morning they have received no reports related to pets being stolen and eaten.β
VanceΒ acknowledged on social media on TuesdayΒ that it is βpossibleβ that the βrumorsβ he has heard from local residents βwill turn out to be false,β though he also encouraged people to βkeep the cat memes flowing.β
From CNNβs Daniel Dale and Michael Williams
Former President Donald Trump said Tuesday the United States took in billions of dollars from ChinaΒ as a result of his tariffs.
Facts First:Β Trumpβs claim about how tariffs work is false. A US tariff is paid by importing businesses in the United States β not other countries β when a foreign-made good arrives at the American border.
Hereβs how tariffs work:Β When the United States puts a tariff on an imported good, the cost of the tariff usually comes directly out of the bank account of an American importer.
StudyΒ afterΒ study, includingΒ one from the federal governmentβs bipartisan US International Trade Commission, haveΒ foundΒ that Americans have borne almost the entire cost of Trumpβs tariffs on Chinese products.
Itβs true that the US Treasury has collectedΒ more than $242 billionΒ from the tariffs Trump imposed on imported solar panels, steel and aluminum, and Chinese-made goods β but those duties were paid by US importers, not the country of China.
From CNNβs Katie Lobosco
During Tuesday nightβs debate, Vice President Kamala Harris said, βI made it that very clear in 2020 β I will not ban fracking,β though she had said, while running in the Democratic presidential primary in 2019, that βthereβs no question Iβm in favor of banning fracking.β
Facts First:Β This is misleading. Harris did not make her position on fracking clear during her only debate in 2020, the general electionβs vice presidential debate against then-Vice President Mike Pence; HarrisΒ never explicitly statedΒ a personal position on fracking during that debate.
Rather, she said that Joe Biden, the head of the Democratic ticket at the time, would not ban fracking if he was elected president. Harris said in the 2020 vice presidential debate: βJoe Biden will not end frackingβ; βI will repeat, and the American people know, that Joe Biden will not ban fracking.β
It made sense that Harris was addressing Bidenβs plans at the time given that the president sets administration policy. But contrary to her claim on Tuesday, neither of these 2020 debate comments made clear that she personally held a different view on the subject than she had the year prior.
From CNNβs Daniel Dale and Ella Nilsen
Former President Donald Trump said the US experienced βthe highest inflationβ ever under President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris.
Facts First:Β Trumpβs claim that inflation was at its highest under the Biden-Harris administration is false. Inflation, as measured by the Consumer Price Index, hit 9.1% in June 2022. That wasnβt the highest ever recorded. Rather, it was the highest inflation rate in nearly forty years. For instance, in 1980, inflation hit nearly 15%, according to CPI data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.Β
Some of the earliest inflation data the BLS maintains indicates that inflation was even higher in 1917, when it was trending at nearly 18%.
From CNNβs Elisabeth Buchwald
Former President Donald Trump claimed that when Vice President Kamala Harris previously ran for the presidency, during the 2020 election cycle, she was the very first candidate to drop out of a crowded Democratic primary.
βWhen she ran, she was the first one to leave because she failed,β Trump claimed, referring to Harrisβ 2020 bid, while arguing that Harris didnβt receive any votes this primary cycle because President Joe Biden was still at top of the ticket during the primaries.
Facts First:Β This is false. Harris was far from the first candidate to drop out of that Democratic primary when she exited the race inΒ early December 2019
Harris was preceded by the sitting or former governors ofΒ Washington,Β MontanaΒ andΒ Colorado; the sittingΒ mayor of New York CityΒ andΒ sittingΒ orΒ formerΒ members of the House of Representatives andΒ Senate, plusΒ some others.
From CNNβs Daniel Dale
Former President Donald Trump claimed at Tuesdayβs debate that Vice President Kamala Harris has been the Biden administrationβs βborder czar.β
βRemember that she was a border czar,β Trump said. βShe doesnβt want to be called the border czar because sheβs embarrassed by the border.β
Facts First:Β Trumpβs claim about Harrisβ border role is false. Harris was never made Bidenβs βborder czar,β a label the White House has always emphasized is inaccurate. Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas is the official in charge of border security. InΒ reality, Biden gave Harris a more limited immigration-related assignment in 2021, asking her to lead diplomacy with El Salvador, Guatemala and HondurasΒ in an attempt to address the conditions that prompted their citizens to try to migrate to the United States.
Some Republicans have scoffed at assertions that Harris was never the βborder czar,β noting on social media that news articles sometimesΒ describedΒ Harris as such. But those articles were wrong.Β Various news outlets,Β including CNN, reported as early as the first half of 2021 that the White House emphasized that Harris had not been put in charge of border security as a whole, as βborder czarβ strongly suggests, and had instead been handed a diplomatic task related to Central American countries.
A White House βfact sheetβ in July 2021Β said: βOn February 2, 2021, President Biden signed an Executive Order that called for the development of a Root Causes Strategy. Since March, Vice President Kamala Harris has been leading the Administrationβs diplomatic efforts to address the root causes of migration from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras.β
Bidenβs own comments at a March 2021 event announcing the assignment were slightlyΒ more muddled, but he said he had asked Harris to lead βour diplomatic effortβ to address factors causing migration in the three βNorthern Triangleβ countries. (Biden also mentioned Mexico that day). Biden listed factors in these countries he thought had led to migration and said that βif you deal with the problems in-country, it benefits everyone.β And Harrisβ comments that day were focused squarely on βroot causes.β
Republicans can fairly say that even βroot causesβ work is a border-related task. But calling her βborder czarβ goes too far.
From CNNβs Daniel Dale and Tami Luhby
Former President Donald Trump repeated a version of one of his frequent claims Tuesday night that legal scholars wanted Roe v. Wade overturned so individual states could instead decide how to regulate abortion.
βEvery legal scholar, every Democrat, every Republican, liberal, conservative, all wanted this issue to be brought back to the states where the people could vote, and thatβs what happened,β Trump said. βItβs the vote of the people, now itβs not tied up in the federal government.β
Facts First:Β Trumpβs claim is false. Many legal scholars wanted the right to have an abortion preserved in federal law, as severalΒ told CNN when Trump made a similar claim in April.Β
Some legal scholars who support abortion rights had wantedΒ RoeΒ written in a different way,Β includingΒ even the late liberal Supreme Court JusticeΒ Ruth Bader Ginsburg,Β but that isnβt the same as saying that βevery legal scholarβ believed Roe should be overturned and sent to the states.
βAny claim that all legal scholars wantedΒ RoeΒ overturned is mind-numbingly false,β Rutgers Law School professorΒ Kimberly Mutcherson, a legal scholar who supported the preservation of Roe, said in April.
βDonald Trumpβs claim is flatly incorrect,β another legal scholar who did not wantΒ RoeΒ overturned,Β Maya Manian, an American University law professor and faculty director of the universityβs Health Law and Policy Program, said in April.
Trumpβs claim is βobviously notβ true, saidΒ Mary Ziegler, a law professor at the University of California, Davis, who is an expert on the history of the US abortion debate. Ziegler, who also did not wantΒ RoeΒ overturned, said in an April interview: βMost legal scholars probably track most Americans, whoΒ didnβt want to overturnΒ RoeΒ β¦ It wasnβt as if legal scholars were somehow outliers.β
You can read moreΒ here.
From CNNβs Daniel Dale and Jen Christensen