The number is 2136279841-1. It has 41,024,320 digits. It was found by 36-year-old researcher and former NVIDIA employee Luke Durant on 12 October. The number was tested on other computers using different programs and confirmed prime on 19 October.
Prime numbers are wholly divisible by only 1 and themselves. For example, 7 is prime because only 1 and 7 go into 7 without leaving a remainder.
Primes have been an area of interest for mathematicians for centuries.
Among the most famous studiers of prime numbers is French monk Marin Mersenne (1588–1648 CE).
Mersenne is most well-known today for his attempts to find a formula that would represent all primes. He was ultimately unsuccessful in this quest, but Mersenne primes are still found today using a simple formula that he put forward in 1644: 2p-1 is a prime number if p is a prime number.
No one has found a better method for finding more prime numbers than Mersenne.
But, as the power of 2 increases, so does the computing power to both calculate the possible Mersenne prime, and then to confirm whether it is a prime or composite number.
The new number, dubbed M136279821 rather than its full value for obvious reasons, is the 52nd Mersenne prime to be discovered.
Its finder, Durant, is a member of the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search (GIMPS) – a collective of volunteers founded in 1996 that uses free software to hunt for Mersenne primes.
GIMPS has successfully found the last 18 Mersenne primes.
Durant’s number trumps the previous largest Mersenne prime, found by GIMPS in 2018, by 16 million digits.
A statement by GIMPS announcing the discovery notes that the 52nd prime is the first to be found on something other than an ordinary PC. Durant’s find relied on GPUs – previously used primarily for video cards to power gaming PCs, but now sparking an increase of power which is also being used in the development and use of artificial intelligence algorithms.
As with other GIMPS Mersenne prime discoverers, Durant has been awarded a US$3,000 (A$4,530) prize which he says he will donate to the Alabama School of Math and Science’s maths department.
(Way to go-run for office! Especially in and as opposition to people like Steve Scalise-A)
A trans nonbinary Louisiana candidate for the U.S. House released a defiant campaign video this week, showing themself injecting testosterone to defend bodily autonomy.
Mel Manuel, who is running to unseat far-right House Majority Leader Steve Scalise, released the video on social media platforms on Tuesday. In the video, Manuel called on voters to “take a stand” while performing a routine testosterone injection.
“I believe that you, not the government, own your own body,” Manuel told viewers, wearing a “My Body My Choice” T-shirt. “LGBTQ+ rights are human rights.”
Manuel, who is running on a platform of abortion rights, universal healthcare, and gun control, highlighted a recent analysis that found Republicans had spent more than $65 million in anti-trans advertisements since the start of August. They also promoted Louisiana’s “Geaux Vote” app, which allows voters to find their polling location and get ballot information.
“To my LGBTQ+ family and our allies… No one is coming to save us,” Manuel wrote in the video description. “We have to show up at the polls for ourselves and for those we love. I’ve spent the last year and a half campaigning because we need to speak up and be represented before it’s too late. You can speak up now with your vote.”
Manuel is the cofounder of Queer Northshore, an LGBTQ+ activist organization based in St. Tammany Parish, and has previously organized against conservative book bans and anti-trans laws in the state. In contrast, Scalise has earned a reputation as a staunchly anti-LGBTQ+ Republican since first taking office in 2008, voting against the Byrd-Shepard Hate Crime Prevention Act, the repeal of Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell, and the Respect for Marriage Act; he is also firmly anti-trans, condemning “the left’s radical gender ideology” in a 2022 statement calling for trans girls to be banned from school sports. Scalise even once described himself as “David Duke without the baggage,” referring to the infamous former leader of the Ku Klux Klan.
Given that Manuel is running in opposition to all that, injecting T on camera is a pretty big flex. Still, that doesn’t necessarily mean they expect to win; as their campaign website notes, Manuel’s goal is simply to get 35% of the vote. “Even if your candidate doesn’t win, if we can move the needle to 35 percent or 40 percent of the vote, that means the next progressive candidate will get more funding,” they explained to The Nation last year. “There’s a very, very small chance at winning, and I understand that, but we can still use the role of candidacy as a platform in and of itself.”
Sadako Sasaki, following the Japanese custom of folding paper cranes – symbols of good fortune and longevity – persisted daily in folding cranes, hoping to create senbazuru (1000 paper cranes strung together) when a person’s dream is believed to come true, died.
Sadako was two years old when the atom bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and at 12 was diagnosed with Leukemia, “the atom bomb” disease. Children’s Peace Monument in Hiroshima showing Sadako holding a golden crane Photo: Mark Bledstein
(More good news, after Scottie’s video, as to the early voting news! Blue language alert, so no reading until you’re not somewhere the f-word is not acceptable. Else scroll just a bit, because of course the first sentence is joyous and contains the f-word. Also, italicized script beneath the suns are by the author, Jeff Tiedrich.)
A majority of voters (80%) say they made up their minds about which candidate to support over a month ago, while 11% made up their minds in the last month, 6% made up their minds in the past week, and 3% still have not made up their mind.
“Voters who made their decision on who to support over a month ago break for Trump, 52% to 48%, while voters who made up their mind in the last month or week break for Harris, 60% to 36%,” Kimball said. “The three percent of voters who said they could still change their mind currently favor Harris, 48% to 43%.”
but there are huge swaths of votes who just don’t pay attention to politics until the very last minute — and now that they’re finally tuned in, it’s dawning on them that wait, one of the candidates is ass-spraying mayhem?oh, fuck that shit.
Kamala leads dong-obsessed fry chef Donny Convict in favorability by 11 percentage points, while 58% of registered voters fucking loathe Donny.
The nationwide poll, conducted last week, found Harris’s favorability to be significantly higher than Trump’s, with 51 percent of registered voters viewing Harris as a favorable candidate compared to just 40 percent who felt the same about Trump. Independent voters, notably, were equally split on their opinions of Harris, while the majority of independent voters—58 percent—felt negatively about Trump.
don’t forget that this is going to be the first post-Roe national election.
But perhaps no Democratic stance resonated more with voters than abortion, which saw Harris lead Trump by 23 percent.
reproductive rights continues to be a losing issue for Donny, and he’s still bragging about being the guy who shitcanned Roe.
Donny is being abandoned by his base.
white folks who never went to college have long been Donny’s most hardcore cultists — but this year they seem to be suffering from Dear Leader Fatigue.
“it’s been a key demographic for him — his base. and this is what’s so interesting … in fact, it’s moving away from him. this is Trump’s margin with non-college white voters. this group is not moving towards him. it’s moving slightly away. go back eight years ago, he won it by 33. you go back four years ago, he won it be 31. now we see he’s only up by 27.”
Donny’s losing the people who have been filing out of his hate-rallies early.
after a half hour of listening to him drone on about sharks and batteries and Hannibal Lecter wants to have you for dinner, they turn to their spouse and say Lurleen, let’s go home and see if NASCAR’s on TV.
plus-27 is still a fuck-ton of support from Donny’s base — but in a close election, he can’t afford to lose the additional 6% who voted for him in 2016. these people may never vote for Komrade Kamala, but enough of them may stay home on election day to make a difference.
we’re all worried about post-election fuckery, but let’s not forget that nearly all swing state governors are Democrats.
Constitutional expert Richard H. Pildes reminded us that scenarios involving mischief by governors are unlikely. “In nearly all the swing states, the governors are Democrats, who are hardly going to be receptive to any entreaties by Trump,” he wrote. Even in Georgia, Gov. Brian Kemp and Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger, both Republicans, “have done as much under fire as any political officials to prove their commitment to certifying an accurate, lawful count.” And although a few local boards might refuse to certify, there are remedies in court. (A Georgia court recently rejected the notion that officials could refuse to certify results.)
An Arizona County elections official has agreed to plead guilty after she refused to certify the 2022 election in which Kari Lake lost to Katie Hobbs.
The Washington Post reported Monday that Peggy Judd, who helps lead Cochise County southeast of Phoenix, was indicted last year for allegedly “flouting the state’s deadlines” for the 2022 election certification.
actions, consequences. it’s nice when things work out in that order.
Jill Stein might be hurting Donny this year.
perpetual Kremlin dinner guest Jill Stein is like some fucked-up asteroid. every four years, her weird-ass orbit swings her too close to the Earth, and she ends up dicking with the tides and screwing with our electoral magnetic field.
A new poll suggests that Green Party presidential candidate Jill Stein is drawing more voters from former President Donald Trump than from Vice President Kamala Harris.
The poll shows Harris leading Trump 49 percent to 47 percent. However, with Stein in the race, Trump’s support dips to 46 percent, while Harris maintains her 49 percent backing, suggesting that Stein draws more support from Trump than from Harris. Though Stein’s voter base remains relatively small, at about 1 percent, it could prove crucial in an election that hinges on tight margins in swing states.
The five men who make up the Central Park Five and now call themselves the Exonerated Five have filed a defamation lawsuit against Donald Trump over his remarks during the presidential debate last month.
During the debate he said: “They admitted — they said, they pled guilty. And I said, well, if they pled guilty they badly hurt a person, killed a person ultimately. And if they pled guilty — then they pled we’re not guilty.”
At the time of the trials, each had pleaded not guilty, and the victim of the attack survived.
ok, this one is not election-related news — but it still makes me laugh to see Donny get served another big, fat slice of Justice Pie.
Aphasia is a language disorder that affects how you communicate. It’s caused by damage in the area of the brain that controls language expression and comprehension. Aphasia leaves a person unable to communicate effectively with others.
Alexa, can aphasia be a sign of dementia?
what the fuck do you think?
so, there’s lots of good news all around — but as a commenter under yesterday’s post said, “we still have to fight like we’re ten points down.” that person is exactly right. we don’t have the luxury of complacency. that’s how we fucked it up in 2016 — we all thought Hillary’s got this in the bag, and so we blew up the balloons and popped the champagne way too early, and too many of us decided it was totes okay stay home on election day. after all, Nate Silver promised us that Hillary had a 99% chance of victory, right? but polls don’t vote — people do.
this year, we all understand the assignment.
Kamala understands the assignment, too. unlike the email lady in 2016, Kamala and Uncle Tim are hitting all the swing states. meanwhile, Donny Convict is squandering his time doing vanity rallies in places like California and New York — states he hasn’t a snowball’s chance of winning.
Many Australians now sell solar power generated on their rooftops into the grid on sunny days. In a handful of years, it may be possible to do the same thing when it’s dark – with the help of an electric vehicle (EV).
Nascent vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology operates around the idea of EVs with bi-directional chargers: they can charge from power sources, but they can also be used to provide power. EVs could be used as mobile grid storage, with owners charging them on rooftop solar and then either using the power themselves later in the evening, or selling it back to the grid.
At the moment, the technology is rare in Australia, with both technological and economic research still needed to figure out how it will best fit into our energy mix.
Some of that research has just started at a model house in Port Macquarie, on the Mid-North Coast of New South Wales.
“If we can get the energy optimisation answer right with vehicle-to-grid technologies, we can avoid unnecessary expansion on the network, and we can help customers minimise their energy bills,” Brad Trethewey, manager of innovation at energy company Essential Energy, tells Cosmos.
Essential Energy has partnered with the CSIRO to trial V2G technology. The trial is running at a mock-home, fitted out with solar panels, batteries, a hot water system, and appliances including a fridge, a dishwasher, a TV and a pool pump.
Some of the devices at the Innovation Hub in Port Macquarie. Credit: Essential Energy
“In this first phase, we’re looking at how vehicle-to-grid can be technically integrated into the home of the future. We’re doing tests where the vehicle powers a lab for periods of time, and we’re doing scheduled discharge and charge cycles with the vehicle,” says Trethewey.
“The second phase of the test is how we can coordinate the vehicle-to-grid technology, in a more integrated sense, with customers’ appliances and their flexible loads to minimise bills and maximise the use of their renewable energy resources – so, solar.”
The team expects the first phase to finish in late March next year.
“I don’t have an end date for second phase, because we expect the emergence of V2G to have ongoing research needs, even after it’s technically available,” says Trethewey.
While there are currently EVs being made with V2G technology, they’re not yet much use in Australia. Many EVs aren’t sold here with the right hardware or software, and regulations and standards around electricity can’t yet accommodate it.
Part of the work in the trial will be helping to assess how EV and solar owners might best use V2G.
“What is the value proposition? Does the market need to change as a result of vehicle-to-grid capability, or is most of the value in self-consumption – using it for your own energy consumption and needs?” says Trethewey.
The Innovation Hub trialling vehicle-to-grid technology at Port Macquarie. Credit: Essential Energy
Once the second phase of the trial has wrapped, Trethewey says that the team will be interested in seeing how V2G plays out at scale – and in different areas, with different energy mixes.
One way or another, though, he expects bi-directional chargers and energy-storing EVs to become commonplace – soon.
“I think that there’s an inevitability about this. Once vehicle manufacturers produce vehicle-to-grid capability in their cars, cars are going to come with it, and when customers realise the value of that in terms of reducing their energy bills in their house, it’s going to become widespread.”
When might this happen? Trethewey thinks it’s possible before the end of the decade.
“Most vehicle manufacturers are saying they’re going to have some vehicle-to-grid capability in Australia, they’re talking late 2025, early 2026. Now, that doesn’t mean they’ll have it switched on – it just means that they’ll have the vehicles capable for it.
“So the next five years, I think, is probably well within reason.”
Thank you, Ten Bears! I keep pointing out that Project 2024, Agenda 47, and the Republican National Party Platform are all cut from the same whole cloth. It’s important to be aware, even though one need not read each document separately.
What sound does a frog make? If you said “croak” or “ribbit” or even “bonk” like the Australian pobblebonk frog, you’d be right. And now, thanks to new research, “Star Trek whistle” is also a correct answer!
Seven newly discovered species of frogs in Madagascar have been named for their unique calls, some of which are similar to whistle-like sound effects used in Star Trek: the “boatswain whistle” and “tricorder” device.
Boophis siskoi. Credit: Mark D. Scherz
“That’s why we named the frogs after Kirk, Picard, Sisko, Janeway, Archer, Burnham, and Pike – 7 of the most iconic captains from the sci-fi series,” says Miguel Vences of the Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany, who led the research. (snip-MORE)
Dramatic and colourful close-ups from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope show a binary system of rambunctious stars. See the high-resolution image here.
The system is called R Aquarii. The primary star is an aging red giant more than 400 times heavier than our Sun. Its companion is a burned-out white dwarf.
The red giant pulsates, changes temperature, and varies in brightness by a factor of 750 times over a roughly 390-day period. At its peak the star is nearly 5,000 times brighter than our Sun.
Meanwhile, the white dwarf dances around the red giant. It orbits the giant star every 44 years.
When the white dwarf gets closest to the red giant, its gravity pulls hydrogen gas off the red giant. The material accumulates around the dwarf star and undergoes nuclear fusion. The result is an explosion akin to an enormous nuclear bomb.
Filaments shoot from the dwarf star’s core like a geyser, forming loops and trails of plasma traveling at more than 1.6 million km per hour. (snip-MORE)
Images from NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory highlight the appearance of the sun at solar minimum (left, Dec. 2019) versus solar maximum (right, May 2024). These images are in the 171 wavelength of extreme ultraviolet light, which reveals the active regions on the sun that are more common during solar maximum. Credit: NASA/SDO.
Representatives from NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the international Solar Cycle Prediction panel met on Tuesday and announced that the Sun has reached its solar maximum.
The solar cycle is 11 years. At the height of the cycle, the Sun’s magnetic poles flip and its activity intensifies.
Visible light images from NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory highlight the appearance of the Sun at solar minimum (left, Dec. 2019) versus solar maximum (right, May 2024). During solar minimum, the Sun is often spotless. Sunspots are associated with solar activity and are used to track solar cycle progress. Credit: NASA/SDO.
“During solar maximum, the number of sunspots, and therefore, the amount of solar activity, increases,” says Jamie Favors, the director of NASA’s Space Weather Program. “This increase in activity provides an exciting opportunity to learn about our closest star –but also causes real effects at Earth and throughout our solar system.”
Increased solar activity can affect satellites and astronauts in space, as well as communications and navigation systems. (snip-MORE)
Next-generation optical fibre manufactured in microgravity aboard the International Space Station has been returned safely to Earth.
Scientists at Adelaide University in South Australia are now comparing the fibres to otherwise identical Earth-made counterparts to confirm whether the space-made product is superior.
It’s thought likely that it is, but the results won’t be known for a couple of months.
The research has already delivered some interesting results: “Seven of the draws went beyond 700 meters, showcasing that it is possible to produce commercial lengths of fibre in space,” says Rob Loughan, CEO of the company that designed the fibre drawing device, Flawless Photonics.
“The longest draw went above 1,141 meters, setting a record for the longest fibre manufactured in space.”
ZBLAN glass fibre. Credit: Imma Perfetto
The fibres were made of ZBLAN glass, a substance which has the potential to transmit light 20 times further than traditional silica-based fibre-optic cables.
In an optical fibre, light becomes dimmer and dimmer as it travels along the fibre. Therefore, for example, submarine fibre optics cables require amplifiers about every 100km to boost the light signal to allow it to be transmitted over long distances.
A ZBLAN optical fibre could increase distances between amplifiers, from every 100 km for silica fibres to every 2,000 km.
But this isn’t feasible yet. In practice, ZBLAN fibres perform about 10 times worse than the best silica fibres because the fabrication process introduces defects and impurities, which lower its efficiency at transmitting light.
Professor Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, and her team at the University of Adelaide’s Australian National Fabrication Facility’s (ANFF) are trying to solve the problem of enhanced impurities and defects in current ZBLAN glass fibres.
Dr Yunle Wei, Alson Ng, Professor Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem, and Dr Ka Wu with the team’s 4m draw tower. Credit: Imma Perfetto
“The purity of the glass depends on the purity of the raw material, and it is challenging to make highly pure solid raw materials,” says Ebendorff-Heidepriem. The team is trying to completely remove one of the main reasons the defects form: gravity.
“Gravity here on Earth causes convection … If you heat up something on a hot plate, the liquid is hot at the bottom. That makes the density of the liquid at the bottom become lower, which moves this portion of the liquid up, at the top the liquid becomes cooler, making the density higher, therefore gravity pulls it down, and so on” she explains.
Ebendorff-Heidepriem partnered with Flawless Photonics which designed and operates a fibre drawing device that squeezed all the necessary technology into a 0.8m-long box for the ISS.
In June, the more than 11km of fibre returned to Earth, intact. Now, work is underway at the University of Adelaide and at 5 other organisations around the world to determine how much of an impact gravity has on ZBLAN’s ability to transmit light. They are hoping to complete their analysis by December this year.
“We will see: is it better? Is it worse? Is it the same? And no matter what result we get, I think the biggest outcome is already achieved – we can make commercial lengths of optical fibres in space.”
Sometimes knowledge helps us cope with less stress. Plus, this is available on any device, as long as there is wifi or mobile data available. Which, tomorrow, may not be a thing for Scottie, Ron, and the kitties tomorrow and after, as well as any other readers in the vast path of Milton. But up till then, there is current info. It’s better on the page; I put a bit here so we can see what’s available. The time zone will be that of the person accessing the info; I’m in Central, so this shows Central. I learned Zulu time researching tornado formation! NWS uses Zulu, as well, but this page does show regular time.
Hurricane Milton Satellite | Buoys | Grids | Storm Archive… TODAY IS THE LAST FULL DAY FOR FLORIDA RESIDENTS TO GET THEIR FAMILIES AND HOMES READY AND EVACUATE IF TOLD TO DO SO BY LOCAL OFFICIALS…
10:00 AM CDT Tue Oct 8 Location: 22.7°N 88.4°W Moving: ENE at 9 mph Min pressure: 929 mb Max sustained: 150 mph
Sadako Sasaki
Hurricane Milton 
Scottie's Playtime 