Category: Science / Medical Information
Treaties, Illegal Weapons Sales, & More In Peace & Justice History for 10/10:
| October 10, 1699 The Spanish issued a royal decree which stated that every African-American who came to St. Augustine, Florida, and adopted Catholicism would be free and protected from the English. |
| October 10, 1963 The Limited Test Ban Treaty—banning nuclear tests in the oceans, in the atmosphere, and in outer space—went into effect. The nuclear powers of the time—the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union—had signed the treaty earlier in the year. In 1957, Nobel Prize-winner (Chemistry) Linus Pauling drafted the Scientists’ Bomb-Test Appeal with two colleagues, Barry Commoner and Ted Condon, eventually gaining the support of 11,000 scientists from 49 countries for an end to the testing of nuclear weapons. These included Bertrand Russell, Albert Einstein, and Albert Schweitzer.  Linus Pauling Pauling then took the resolution to Dag Hammarskjöld, then Secretary-General of the United Nations, and sent copies to both President John F. Kennedy and Soviet Premier Nikita Kruschev. The final treaty had many similarities to Pauling’s draft. It went into effect the same day as the announcement of Pauling’s second Nobel Prize, this time for Peace. |
| October 10, 1967 The Outer Space Treaty (Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies) demilitarizing outer space went into force.It sought to avoid “a new form of colonial competition” as in the Antarctic Treaty, and the possible damage that self-seeking exploitation might cause. Discussions on banning weapons of mass destruction in orbit had begun among the major powers ten years earlier.  1949 painting by Frank Tinsley of the infamous “Military Space Platform” proposed by then Secretary of Defense James Forrestal in the December 1948 military budget. The text of the treaty Read more |
| October 10, 1986 Elliott Abrams, then assistant secretary of state for inter-American affairs, testified before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee (in closed executive session) that he did not know that Marine Lt. Col. Oliver North, a White House employee in the Reagan administration, was directing illegal arms sales to Iran and diverting the proceeds to assist the Nicaraguan contras. Abrams pled guilty in 1991 to withholding information on the Iran-contra affair during that congressional testimony, but was pardoned by President George H.W. Bush.  Elliott Abrams  Presidents George W. Bush & George H.W. Bush  Oliver North Read more about the pardons |
| October 10, 1987 Thirty thousand Germans demonstrated against construction of a large-scale nuclear reprocessing installation at Wackersdorf in mostly rural northern Bavaria. |
| October 10, 2002 The House voted 296-133 to pass the “Joint Resolution to Authorize the Use of United States Armed Forces Against Iraq,” giving President George W. Bush broad authority to use military force against Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein, with or without U.N. support.  |
https://www.peacebuttons.info/E-News/peacehistoryoctober.htm#october10
Representation In Literature
The Big Idea: Courtney Floyd
Posted on October 8, 2025 Posted by Athena Scalzi
Though neurodivergent people tend to love the world of academia and absorbing information, the systems and structure of higher education is often antithetical to the needs of differently abled people, both mentally and physically. Author Courtney Floyd expands on this in the Big Idea for her newest novel, Higher Magic, as she recounts her experience with earning her PhD and seeing how the world of education wasn’t designed with inclusivity and accessibility in mind.
COURTNEY FLOYD:
When I first sat down to write the first draft of Higher Magic, I was two years out of my PhD program and still trying to balance the sum of my time there. My sense of the possible had shifted profoundly as I studied literature, learned to research, traveled to conferences and archives, and honed my analytical and interpretive skills. My life had changed for the better. But I was still discovering the many ways my program had taught me to ignore my body and push through exhaustion and anxiety, no matter the cost.
In higher education, you’re supposed to act as though you’re nothing but a floating brain. Oh, nobody ever says that outright. Especially not when you’re a first generation student who slid sideways into the academy and, to everyone’s bewilderment, stuck around. But the expectation is there. Lurking.
I learned to see it sidelong, in the way I was expected to write without using the first person and also in the lack of understanding some professors showed when I couldn’t attend office hours or study groups because I was juggling several jobs to pay my tuition. It reared its head in my mentor’s office, when she snapped impatiently at me because I got jury duty, and couldn’t defer it. It showed up with the brain fog and intense hand cramps after two-hour midterms in which I had to handwrite entire essays.
I came to see it even more clearly as an instructor, in the way boilerplate attendance policies penalized students who were late because of health issues or irregular bus schedules. It haunted me, one term, when one of my students––a veteran who’d recently undergone major surgery––apologized for every single essay he turned in, not because it was late but because he was worried his medication had made him incoherent.
By the end of my time in grad school, I saw the floating brain edict at work every day. In the exam prep or the job search eating up my own and my peers’ lives, turning us into bleary-eyed shadows. In the exhausted way my officemate staggered back from her two week maternity leave, which we’d gone on strike only a year earlier to get. In the student in my cohort who weighed the cost on her mental health and withdrew from the program.
Mind over matter is a brutal either/or.
Either you’re smart enough to figure it out, or you’ll drop out. Either you’ll burn your candle at both ends, or you’ll snuff yourself out trying.
In her book Teaching to Transgress, Black feminist scholar and educator, bell hooks, writes that in classrooms and other institutionalized spaces, “the person who is the most powerful has the privilege of denying their body,” of becoming the invisible default. The cog at the center of the complicated machine. But, as we’ve seen in the past couple of years, when our bodies become too inconvenient–too vocal or visible or vexing–the people in power (in and beyond the ivory tower) can decide to deny our bodies, too. Or make them disappear.
In SFF, we love a good literalized metaphor. When I first had the idea for Higher Magic, graduate students weren’t being literally disappeared for protesting, but students were being quietly pushed out of the academy for needing access and inclusion. For needing systems built to support white, male, nondisabled scholars to change, just a little, so that others could participate.
Fresh out of PhD school in 2019, I knew I wanted to write about that kind of disappearing. Because bell hooks didn’t just pinpoint a problem, she shared a solution, too: “Once we start talking in the classroom about the body, and about how we live in our bodies, we’re automatically changing the way power orchestrate[s] itself.”
Enter Dorothe Bartleby, a first-generation, neurodivergent grad student who is trying her best to be a floating brain at the start of Higher Magic. She quickly learns it’s not sustainable, and spends the rest of the book slowly figuring out how to be a body and a brain at the same time. While tracking down her disappearing students. And getting ready for her last attempt at passing her qualifying exam. (snip-go finish the rest on the page!)
Now Here’s A Thing We Can Use, From Carl Sagan, Bless Him!
“Watcher by the Water”
Jane Goodall, the celebrated primatologist and conservationist, has died
(I’m very sorry to read this. -A)
Jane Goodall, the conservationist renowned for her groundbreaking chimpanzee field research and globe-spanning environmental advocacy, has died
By HALLIE GOLDEN – Associated Press Updated 37 minutes ago
Jane Goodall, the conservationist renowned for her groundbreaking chimpanzee field research and globe-spanning environmental advocacy, has died. She was 91.
The Jane Goodall Institute announced the primatologist’s death Wednesday in an Instagram post. According to the Washington, D.C.-based institute, Goodall died of natural causes while in California on a U.S. speaking tour.
Her discoveries “revolutionized science, and she was a tireless advocate for the protection and restoration of our natural world,” it said. (snip-MORE on the page)
For Science!
Debris from World Wars now home to thriving wildlife communities
September 29, 2025 Velentina Boulter Velentina Boulter is science journalist based in Melbourne.
Composite image, or orthomosaic, of the wreck of Benzonia lying partially on top of the wreck of Caribou, in the “Ghost Fleet” of World War 1 shipwrecks in Mallows Bay, USA. Credit: Duke Marine Robotics and Remote Sensing Lab
Two recently published studies showcase how underwater human structures can become essential habitats for marine life, with discarded munitions and ships from the World Wars now home to vibrant ecological communities.
The first study found that more marine life lives on World War II munitions on the Baltic Sea floor than on the surrounding sediment. Some of the marine organisms can tolerate the high levels of toxic compounds leaking from the unexploded bombs, as long as there is a hard surface for them to live on.
In a separate study, published in Scientific Data, researchers from Duke University’s Marine Robotics and Remote Sensing lab mapped a “Ghost Fleet” of World War I shipwrecks which have become habitat for a variety of wildlife, such as ospreys.
“For the first time, the composition and structure of epifauna on the surface of marine munitions are described,” write the authors of the first study, which has recently been published in Communications Earth & Environment. Epifauna refers to sea creatures that live on the seafloor.
Unused explosive munitions were often disposed of by dumping them at sea prior to the signing of the 1972 London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution. The team used a remotely controlled submersible to examine a dumpsite in Lübeck Bay in the Baltic Sea to investigate the impact the munitions have had on marine environments.
Only 2 of the 9 objects examined were intact. The other 7 were in varying stages of degradation, which meant the explosive chemicals were exposed.
They identified the munitions as being from discarded warheads from V-1 flying bombs which were used by Nazi Germany in the late stages of World War II. Concentrations of the explosive compounds, mainly TNT and RDX, were found to vary between 30 nanograms and 2.7 milligrams per litre in the surrounding water.
Despite this, an average of about 43,000 organisms per square metre (m2) were found living on the munitions, with only 8,200 organisms per m2 on natural sediment nearby.
“On the individual objects,” write the authors, “the majority of epifauna was found on metal carcasses, while the exposed explosive was usually free of visible overgrowth.”
These results suggest the advantages of living on the surfaces of munitions outweigh the potential exposure to explosive and toxic chemicals for many marine organisms.
“This suggests that the high measured explosive chemical concentrations are not sustained long-term, or that they, in fact, do not have a major negative effect on nearby organisms,” the authors write.
“Overall, the epifaunal community on the dumped munition in the study area reaches a high density, with the elevated metal structures providing a suitable habitat for benthic organisms.”
While the munitions seem to be an important habitat for this local ecosystem, the researchers suggest replacing them with a safer artificial surface that does not contain explosives to further benefit marine life.
Composite image of the entire “Ghost Fleet” of Mallows Bay, with individual wrecks labelled. Credit: Duke Marine Robotics and Remote Sensing Lab
In the second study, a team of researchers conducted aerial surveys to capture images of 147 abandoned World War I steamships at Mallows Bay on the Potomac River in Maryland, USA. It is the largest known shipwreck in the Western Hemisphere.
“Since their arrival, the ships have become an integral part of the ecology at Mallows Bay,” write the authors.
“However, sea level rise, sediment infill, plant colonisation, and physical deterioration are changing the nature of these shipwrecks over time.”
Like the previous study, the researchers found a variety of creatures have made the shipwreck their home. One of the species includes the endangered Atlantic sturgeon, which uses the ship as its nursery.
The authors are hopeful their map will be an insightful resource for future ecological and archaeological research into the area.
“These data and products will enable researchers to monitor and study the changing terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems,” write the authors.
“The use of unoccupied aircraft systems allows for the creation of detailed orthomosaics and digital surface models, which provide valuable baseline data for archaeological, geological, and ecological assessments.”
Originally published by Cosmos as Debris from World Wars now home to thriving wildlife communities
What Think You?
Keynote Address: Unscripted — Introducing Intergender Dynamics and Reframing Gender-Type Prejudice by Richard Hogan, MD, PhD(2), DBA
🇨🇦 Richard Hogan PhD (Mathematics) · MD (Neuroscience) · PhD (Ethics) · DBA (HRD) Architect of IGD & IBT | Rewriting the language of gender justice Essays, theory, and verse from the post-binary frontier
Keynote Address: Unscripted—Introducing Intergender Dynamics and and Reframing Gender-Type Prejudice
Good morning.
It is an honor to stand before you today—not to echo what has already been said, but to challenge what we’ve long accepted. To offer not just a critique, but a new vocabulary. A new lens. A new way forward. I hope you are ‘not toned deaf’.
For decades, we have used the term misogyny to name and confront systemic prejudice against women. It has served us well in many ways. But today, I ask you—academics, legal scholars, educators, and clinicians—to consider this: What if the language we use to fight injustice is now limiting our ability to understand it?
We are living in a post-binary world. Gender is no longer a fixed category—it is a spectrum, a performance, a negotiation. And yet, our frameworks remain tethered to binary logic. Misogyny is one such tether. It is gender-specific. Directionally fixed. It presumes a hierarchy that no longer reflects the lived realities of our students, our patients, our communities.
So today, I introduce a new term: Intergender Dynamics , or IGD .
IGD refers to the patterned, reciprocal, and often asymmetrical interactions between individuals and groups across the gender spectrum. It is not just about identity—it is about relationship . It is about how we perform, police, and punish gender roles in our daily lives. It is about the emotional labor we assign, the authority we grant, the empathy we withhold.
And this is not just a sociological insight—it is a medical one.
Recent research in gender-affirming care has shown that transgender and gender-diverse individuals face significant barriers in accessing health services, often due to systemic bias and relational discomfort within clinical settings. Studies have also revealed that patients with dynamic or evolving gender identities experience distress not only from institutional exclusion, but from interpersonal dynamics—how they are spoken to, validated, or dismissed by providers.
In pediatric and adolescent medicine, clinicians are now trained to recognize how gender-role expectations affect mental health, emotional development, and access to care. The World Professional Association for Transgender Health and The Endocrine Society have emphasized the importance of relational sensitivity—not just diagnostic accuracy—in improving outcomes.
What does this tell us?
It tells us that IGD is not just a theoretical tool—it is a clinical imperative . If we want to reduce disparities, improve mental health, and foster trust in care, we must understand how gender prejudice operates not only in policy, but in conversation. In tone. In silence.
To complement IGD, I also propose Intergender Bias Theory (IBT) —a framework for analyzing the structural architecture of gender-type prejudice. IBT examines how laws, curricula, and institutional norms enforce rigid roles and marginalize deviation. Together, IGD and IBT offer a dual lens: one that captures both the macro-level scaffolding of bias and the micro-level choreography of interaction.
Let me be clear: retiring the term misogyny is not an act of denial. It is an act of evolution. It is a recognition that our language must grow with our understanding. That our frameworks must reflect the complexity of the world we now inhabit.
So I call on you:
- Academics , to revise your syllabi, your research, your theories.
- Legal scholars , to expand your statutes, your protections, your definitions.
- Educators , to teach emotional literacy, role deconstruction, and relational justice.
- Clinicians , to recognize IGD in patient care and to train for relational sensitivity.
Let us move from naming contempt to understanding connection. Let us shift from binary blame to systemic insight. Let us unscript ourselves—and write a new language of liberation.
This is not the end of a conversation. It is the beginning of a movement.
Thank you.
(snip-To read in Latin, French, Spanish, or Arab, click through to the Substack)
In Our Interests
Introducing Medscape.com: Across Disciplines for the Public by Richard Hogan, MD, PhD(2), DBA
Vigilance Across Disciplines for the Public
I am sharing the Medscape resource that follows only because of misinformation arising from via Robert Kennedy and President Donald J. Trump (week of 9/22/2025)
Medscape.com is not merely a medical resource—it is a threshold of discernment for you, a corridor of clinical clarity.
For physicians, yes—but also for advocates, poets, policymakers, and stewards of care.
It offers daily rites of insight: peer-reviewed updates, diagnostic tools, and the pulse of global medicine.
I introduce it not as a site, but as a ceremonial scroll—for those who dignify care across disciplines, and who recognize that health is not confined to hospitals, but lives to support you, policy, poetry, and the architecture of belonging. (snip-graphic and comments on the page)
Scottie's Playtime 